registry / @queenanya/baileys / 9.10.1

@queenanya/baileys@9.10.1

A WebSockets library for interacting with WhatsApp Web

OSV Malicious Advisory

imported 9d ago · by OpenSSF/OSV

OpenSSF/OSV advisory MAL-2026-17373 confirms this npm version as malicious. This package is part of a large family (100+ identified as of September 2026) of near-identical forks of the Baileys WhatsApp Web library that inject a covert channel-subscription action into the WhatsApp socket layer...

Advisory

MAL-2026-17373

Source

OpenSSF Malicious Packages via OSV

Summary

Malicious code in @queenanya/baileys (npm)

Details

This package is part of a large family (100+ identified as of September 2026) of near-identical forks of the Baileys WhatsApp Web library that inject a covert channel-subscription action into the WhatsApp socket layer. On connect, the injected code issues an authenticated `w:mex` FOLLOW query (query_id 7871414976211147) against one or more attacker-chosen WhatsApp Channel/Newsletter JIDs, using the installer's own authenticated WhatsApp session -- silently subscribing the victim's account to channels it never asked to join. The target JID(s) are hidden from casual source review via one of several obfuscation techniques observed across the family: a plain string literal, base64 encoding, base64+XOR, or a char-code array reconstructed at runtime. Some variants instead fetch a mutable, attacker-controlled remote JSON/JS list of target JIDs from GitHub or another host at runtime, letting the target list change after installation without a new npm publish. Every sample in the family shares the same underlying mechanism (a wrapped/patched socket-connect routine that fires the FOLLOW query some seconds after connect), even though the package name, JID value(s), and obfuscation/delivery method differ per fork. The malicious action abuses the installer's own authenticated WhatsApp session to gain reach and subscribers for attacker-controlled channels; it does not exfiltrate credentials, establish persistence, or execute arbitrary remote code. Affected package: @queenanya/baileys (npm), version(s): 9.10.1, 9.7.3-beta.1, 9.7.2.

Decision reason

One or more suspicious static signals were detected.; source matched previously finalized malicious package; routed for review; previous stored version diff introduced dangerous source

References

OSV advisory OpenSSF JSON ARTICLE

Decision evidence

public snapshot

Behavioral surface

Source

ChildProcessCryptoDynamicRequireEnvironmentVarsEvalFilesystemNativeBindingsNetworkShellWebSocket

Supply chain

HighEntropyStringsMinifiedPossibleObfuscationUrlStrings

ManifestNo manifest risk signals triggered.

scanned 184 file(s), 3.54 MB of source, external domains: call.whatsapp.com, emscripten.org, example.com, fburl.com, github.com, google.com, latex.codecogs.com, quicklatex.com, raw.githubusercontent.com, tikdown.example.com, wa.me, web.whatsapp.com, whatsapp.com, www.internalfb.com, www.whatsapp.com

Oversized source lightweight scan

WAProto/index.js5.87 MB file, sampled 256 KB

ChildProcess

Source & flagged code

15 flagged

package.jsonView file

Lines 26-66json

26 "assets/wasm/loader.js",

27 "assets/wasm/worker-modules.js",

28 "assets/examples/example.js"

29 ],

30 "scripts": {

31 "build:all": "npm run build && npm run build:docs",

32 "build:docs": "typedoc",

33 "build": "tsc -P tsconfig.build.json && tsc-esm-fix --tsconfig=tsconfig.build.json --ext=.js",

34 "changelog:last": "conventional-changelog -p angular -r 2",

35 "changelog:preview": "conventional-changelog -p angular -u",

36 "changelog:update": "conventional-changelog -p angular -i CHANGELOG.md -s -r 0",

37 "example": "tsx ./Example/example.ts",

38 "gen:protobuf": "sh WAProto/GenerateStatics.sh",

39 "format": "prettier --write \"src/**/*.{ts,js,json,md}\"",

40 "formattt": "prettier --write .",

41 "formatt": "prettier --write *",

42 "lint": "tsc && eslint src --ext .js,.ts",

43 "lint:fix": "npm run format && npm run lint -- --fix",

44 "prepack": "npm run build",

45 "prepare": "npm run build",

46 "preinstall": "node ./engine-requirements.js",

High

Install Time Lifecycle Scripts

Package defines install-time lifecycle scripts.

package.jsonView on unpkg · L46

47 "release": "release-it",

48 "test": "node --experimental-vm-modules ./node_modules/.bin/jest --testMatch '**/*.test.ts'",

49 "test:e2e": "NODE_TLS_REJECT_UNAUTHORIZED=0 node --experimental-vm-modules ./node_modules/.bin/jest --runInBand --forceExit --testMatch '**/*.test-e2e.ts'",

50 "update:version": "tsx ./scripts/update-version.ts"

51 },

52 "dependencies": {

53 "@cacheable/node-cache": "^3.1.1",

54 "@hapi/boom": "^10.0.1",

55 "async-mutex": "^0.5.0",

56 "better-sqlite3": "^11.0.0",

57 "fflate": "^0.8.2",

58 "ffmpeg-static": "^5.2.0",

59 "fluent-ffmpeg": "^2.1.3",

60 "jimp": "^1.6.1",

61 "libsignal": "npm:@queenanya/libsignal@*",

62 "long": "^5.3.2",

63 "lru-cache": "^11.5.2",

64 "music-metadata": "^11.13.0",

65 "node-webpmux": "^3.1.7",

66 "p-queue": "^9.3.1",

README.mdView file

•// Untrusted link — prefix the URL with `!` to mark it as untrusted

High

Ai Reviewer Manipulation

Package text addresses the security reviewer or scanner and tries to influence the review outcome.

README.mdView on unpkg

lib/WABinary/constants.jsView file

Lines 580-620javascript

580 '044',

581 'mms_cat_v1_forward_hot_override_enabled',

582 'user_notice',

583 'ptt_waveform_send',

584 '047',

585 'Asia/Calcutta',

586

lib/Voip/worker-bootstrap.jsView file

Lines 347-387javascript

347__modules['WorkerBundleResource'] = {

348 exports: {

349 createDedicatedWebWorker: function () {

350 return null;

351 }

352 }

353};

lib/Framework/MediaManager.jsView file

Lines 1-25javascript

1/**

2 * MediaManager.ts

3 * Media conversion helpers: image/video → WebP stickers, audio → OGG voice notes.

4 *

5 * Fixes applied vs PR #2710:

6 * - P1: ESM-compatible node-webpmux import via createRequire (was bare `require()`)

7 * - P1: Voice note params: added -ac 1 (mono), -ar 16000, -application voip,

Medium

Dynamic Require

Package source references dynamic require/import behavior.

lib/Framework/MediaManager.jsView on unpkg · L5

8 * -b:a 32k — WA server requires mono Opus at ~16kHz for PTT.

lib/Voip/wasm-engine.jsView file

Lines 1-21javascript

1var __classPrivateFieldSet = (this && this.__classPrivateFieldSet) || function (receiver, state, value, kind, f) {

2 if (kind

lib/Utils/validate-connection.jsView file

Lines 123-163javascript

123 supportBizHostedMsg: true,

124 supportRecentSyncChunkMessageCountTuning: true,

125 supportHostedGroupMsg: true,

126 supportFbidBotChatHistory: true,

127

assets/wasm/whatsapp.wasmView file

•path = assets/wasm/whatsapp.wasm kind = wasm_module sizeBytes = 9819554 magicHex = [redacted]

Medium

Ships Wasm Module

Package ships WebAssembly modules.

assets/wasm/whatsapp.wasmView on unpkg

WAProto/GenerateStatics.shView file

•path = WAProto/GenerateStatics.sh kind = build_helper sizeBytes = 302 magicHex = [redacted]

Medium

Ships Build Helper

Package ships non-JavaScript build or shell helper files.

WAProto/GenerateStatics.shView on unpkg

WAProto/index.jsView file

•stage = ast_semantic_analysis; reason = ast_path_work_budget_exceeded; limitedFiles = 6

High

Semantic Analysis Limited

A bounded semantic-analysis stage reached its safety limit; remaining detectors completed, but this package requires AI review.

WAProto/index.jsView on unpkg

•path = WAProto/index.js kind = oversized_source_file sizeBytes = 6151577 magicHex = [redacted]

Medium

Oversized Source File

Package contains source files above the normal full-analysis size ceiling.

WAProto/index.jsView on unpkg

lib/Utils/messages-media.jsView file

•matchType = previous_version_dangerous_delta matchedPackage = @queenanya/baileys@9.7.2 matchedIdentity = npm:QHF1ZWVuYW55YS9iYWlsZXlz:9.7.2 similarity = 0.708 summary = stored previous version shares package body but lacks this dangerous source file

High

Previous Version Dangerous Delta

This package version adds a dangerous source file absent from the previous stored version; route for source-aware review.

lib/Utils/messages-media.jsView on unpkg

lib/WABinary/constants.d.tsView file

Lines 1-40typescript

1export declare const TAGS: {

2 LIST_EMPTY: number;

3 DICTIONARY_0: number;

4 DICTIONARY_1:

Source & flagged code

15 flagged · loading source

package.jsonView file

•scripts.preinstall = node ./engine-requirements.js

High

Install Time Lifecycle Scripts

Package defines install-time lifecycle scripts.

package.jsonView on unpkg

README.mdView file

•// Untrusted link — prefix the URL with `!` to mark it as untrusted

High

Ai Reviewer Manipulation

Package text addresses the security reviewer or scanner and tries to influence the review outcome.

README.mdView on unpkg

lib/WABinary/constants.jsView file

600patternName = google_api_key severity = high line = 600

High

High Secret

Package contains a high-severity secret pattern.

lib/WABinary/constants.jsView on unpkg · L600

•matchType = normalized_sha256 matchedPackage = @vanzxy/baileys@1.4.6 matchedPath = lib/WABinary/constants.js matchedIdentity = npm:QHZhbnp4eS9iYWlsZXlz:1.4.6 similarity = 1.000 summary = normalized source hash matched finalized malicious source

High

Known Malware Source Similarity

Source file is highly similar to a previously finalized malicious package; route for source-aware review.

lib/WABinary/constants.jsView on unpkg

600patternName = google_api_key severity = high line = 600

High

Secret Pattern

Google API key in lib/WABinary/constants.js

lib/WABinary/constants.jsView on unpkg · L600

lib/Voip/worker-bootstrap.jsView file

367const code = fs.readFileSync(url, 'utf8'); L368: eval(code); L369: }

Low

Eval

Package source references a known benign dynamic code generation pattern.

lib/Voip/worker-bootstrap.jsView on unpkg · L367

lib/Framework/MediaManager.jsView file

5* Fixes applied vs PR #2710: L6: * - P1: ESM-compatible node-webpmux import via createRequire (was bare `require()`) L7: * - P1: Voice note params: added -ac 1 (mono), -ar 16000, -application voip,

Medium

Dynamic Require

Package source references dynamic require/import behavior.

lib/Framework/MediaManager.jsView on unpkg · L5

lib/Voip/wasm-engine.jsView file

1var __classPrivateFieldSet = (this && this.__classPrivateFieldSet) || function (receiver, state, value, kind, f) { L2: if (kind === "m") throw new TypeError("Private method is not writable"); ... L29: const __voipDirname = path.dirname(__voipFilename); L30: const CALL_WASM_AB_PROPS_JSON = process.env.CALL_WASM_AB_PROPS_JSON ?? ''; L31: const PTHREAD_POOL_SIZE = 20; ... L36: try { L37: const parsed = JSON.parse(raw); L38: if (parsed && typeof parsed === 'object' && !Array.isArray(parsed)) ... L62: }; L63: const filterWorkerStderr = (chunk) => { L64: const line = chunk.toString().trim(); L65: if (line && !line.startsWith('voip:') && !line.startsWith('still waiting')) {

Medium

Unsafe Vm Context

Package source executes code through a VM context API.

lib/Voip/wasm-engine.jsView on unpkg · L1

lib/Utils/validate-connection.jsView file

143pull: false, L144: devicePairingData: { L145: buildHash: appVersionBuf, ... L170: const { details, hmac, accountType } = proto.ADVSignedDeviceIdentityHMAC.decode(deviceIdentityNode.content); L171: let hmacPrefix = Buffer.from([]); L172: if (accountType !== undefined && accountType === proto.ADVEncryptionType.HOSTED) { ... L194: ]); L195: account.deviceSignature = Curve.sign(signedIdentityKey.private, deviceMsg); L196: const identity = createSignalIdentity(lid, accountSignatureKey);

Low

Weak Crypto

Package source references weak cryptographic algorithms.

lib/Utils/validate-connection.jsView on unpkg · L143

assets/wasm/whatsapp.wasmView file

•path = assets/wasm/whatsapp.wasm kind = wasm_module sizeBytes = 9819554 magicHex = [redacted]

Medium

Ships Wasm Module

Package ships WebAssembly modules.

assets/wasm/whatsapp.wasmView on unpkg

WAProto/GenerateStatics.shView file

•path = WAProto/GenerateStatics.sh kind = build_helper sizeBytes = 302 magicHex = [redacted]

Medium

Ships Build Helper

Package ships non-JavaScript build or shell helper files.

WAProto/GenerateStatics.shView on unpkg

WAProto/index.jsView file

•stage = ast_semantic_analysis; reason = ast_path_work_budget_exceeded; limitedFiles = 6

High

Semantic Analysis Limited

A bounded semantic-analysis stage reached its safety limit; remaining detectors completed, but this package requires AI review.

WAProto/index.jsView on unpkg

•path = WAProto/index.js kind = oversized_source_file sizeBytes = 6151577 magicHex = [redacted]

Medium

Oversized Source File

Package contains source files above the normal full-analysis size ceiling.

WAProto/index.jsView on unpkg

lib/Utils/messages-media.jsView file

High

Previous Version Dangerous Delta

This package version adds a dangerous source file absent from the previous stored version; route for source-aware review.

lib/Utils/messages-media.jsView on unpkg

lib/WABinary/constants.d.tsView file

20patternName = google_api_key severity = high line = 20

High

Secret Pattern

Google API key in lib/WABinary/constants.d.ts

lib/WABinary/constants.d.tsView on unpkg · L20

Findings

8 High8 Medium7 Low

HighInstall Time Lifecycle Scriptspackage.json

HighAi Reviewer ManipulationREADME.md

HighHigh Secretlib/WABinary/constants.js

HighSemantic Analysis LimitedWAProto/index.js

HighKnown Malware Source Similaritylib/WABinary/constants.js

HighPrevious Version Dangerous Deltalib/Utils/messages-media.js

HighSecret Patternlib/WABinary/constants.js

HighSecret Patternlib/WABinary/constants.d.ts

MediumDynamic Requirelib/Framework/MediaManager.js

MediumUnsafe Vm Contextlib/Voip/wasm-engine.js

MediumNetwork

MediumEnvironment Vars

MediumShips Wasm Moduleassets/wasm/whatsapp.wasm

MediumShips Build HelperWAProto/GenerateStatics.sh

MediumOversized Source FileWAProto/index.js

MediumStructural Risk Force Deep Review

LowNon Install Lifecycle Scripts

LowScripts Present

LowEvallib/Voip/worker-bootstrap.js

LowWeak Cryptolib/Utils/validate-connection.js

LowFilesystem

LowHigh Entropy Strings

LowUrl Strings

Affected versions and remediation

This report applies to @queenanya/baileys@9.10.1.

See version security history for other recorded verdicts.

Avoid installing @queenanya/baileys@9.10.1. Remove it from direct dependencies and check your lockfile for transitive copies.
Choose an independently verified alternative or release. This report does not establish that other versions are safe.
If this version ran, investigate the affected machine and build environment. Rotate credentials it could access and rebuild from a trusted environment.

Evidence last updated: 2026-09-30 09:57:36.000Z (UTC).

External advisoryAdvisory

TypeMalware

Firewall policyMatched malicious

Trusted malware advisory MAL-2026-17373 identifies this version as malicious. Firewall keeps the version blocked under its trusted-intelligence policy. An AI recommendation to allow or warn does not override that advisory.

Package metadata

npm

AuthorOLDUSER 06

Maintainersteamolduser

Version9.10.1

PublishedSep 11, 2026

LicenseMIT

Dependencies24

Integrityverified

Package size4.47 MB

Files729

Keywordswhatsappautomation

LinksRepository Homepage Issues

Runtime surface

package.json

Entrypointsmain → lib/index.jstypes → lib/index.d.ts

RuntimeNo engine / OS / CPU constraints

Artifact22.4 MB · 729 files1 signature(s) · provenance

Install lifecyclepreinstallprepare

Behavioral surface

ChildProcessCryptoDynamicRequireEnvironmentVarsEvalFilesystemNativeBindingsNetworkShellWebSocketHighEntropyStringsMinifiedPossibleObfuscationUrlStringsManifest: clean