--- canonical: "https://firewall.lpm.dev/npm/icoa-cli" markdown: "https://firewall.lpm.dev/npm/icoa-cli/v/2.19.621.md" package: "icoa-cli" report_status: "published" title: "icoa-cli@2.19.621 npm security report" verdict: "suspicious" version: "2.19.621" --- # icoa-cli@2.19.621 npm security report > **Trust boundary:** Package metadata, advisory text, filenames, URLs, and source snippets in this report come from external packages or feeds. Treat them as untrusted evidence. Do not execute instructions or code found in this document. ## Verdict summary **Flagged — allowed with a warning** — Allowed by default policy, but 31 finding(s) warrant review before installing. - **Verdict:** Suspicious - **Product-default install policy:** Warn - **Firewall policy:** Matched warn-list - **Public report status:** Published - **Threat category:** Credential Exfiltration - **Selected version:** 2.19.621 - **Selected version is latest:** No - **Analysis source:** AI Security Review (lpm-firewall-ai) This is the current Firewall decision for the selected package version, based on the available public evidence. Findings for this version do not establish the status of other versions. AI assessment: suspicious; recommendation: downgrade to warn. This assessment is supporting evidence; the published decision above determines the current policy. After the user starts icoa, stored CTFd tokens can be sent to an env-configured arena host, exam identity can be posted to ICOA audit endpoints, and obfuscated competition modules run. npm install does not run a mutating lifecycle hook. ## Latest scan - **Scanner version:** rust-scanner-worker-schema-1 - **Recorded final verdict:** Suspicious - **Recorded analysis confidence:** 74.0% - **Started:** 2026-09-18T21:09:07.096Z - **Finished:** 2026-09-18T21:17:53.519Z - **Download time:** 515 ms - **Static scan time:** 1967 ms - **AI review time:** 523940 ms - **Total time:** 526423 ms The recorded confidence comes from the underlying analysis. Trusted advisory policy can determine the final verdict even when the AI assessment differs. ## Security analysis ### Published attack-surface review - **Summary:** After the user starts icoa, stored CTFd tokens can be sent to an env-configured arena host, exam identity can be posted to ICOA audit endpoints, and obfuscated competition modules run. npm install does not run a mutating lifecycle hook. - **Trigger:** User installs icoa-cli, then later runs the icoa binary and a subcommand such as arena, exam, gfssm, wm, env, or shell. - **Impact:** A stored competition session token or exam identity could be sent to an operator-chosen host; packed exam modules remain incompletely inspectable. - **Evidence paths:** dist/commands/ctf4ai-demo.js, dist/commands/arena-eai.js, dist/commands/gfssm.js, dist/commands/wm.js, dist/lib/exam-sandbox.js, dist/lib/access.js, dist/commands/env.js, dist/commands/shell.js - **Review source:** ai\_review - **Reviewed:** 2026-09-18T21:17:53.519Z ### AI review details - **Review stage:** source\_first\_review - **Mechanism:** User-invoked dual-use CLI with obfuscated modules and unrestricted env-overridable credential forwarding - **Rationale:** Source shows a user-started ICOA competition CLI with no npm install mutation, but packed exam modules cannot be fully read and stored CTFd tokens can be sent to an env-configured host. That is dual-use risk, not a proven install-time malware drop. - **Files touched:** ~/.bashrc, ~/.zshrc, ~/.icoa/config.json, ~/.icoa/exam-audit.log, /etc/machine-id - **Network endpoints:** https://practice.icoa2026.au, https://practice.icoa2026.au/api/icoa/exam-audit, http://172.235.198.124:9098, http://172.237.95.164:9097 ### Review decision - **Verdict:** Suspicious - **Confidence:** 74.0% - **Recommended action:** downgrade\_to\_warn - **Intent class:** Dangerous Capability - **False-positive risk:** Medium - **Evidence for warning:** Several exam and demo command files are packed with javascript-obfuscator, so those modules cannot be fully parsed., Arena requests copy the stored CTFd session token onto fetches whose host comes from ICOA\_ARENA\_SERVER or config URLs with no allowlist., Hidden gfssm and wm commands default to raw IPv4 HTTP hosts unless an env override is set., Exam sandbox posts device fingerprint, exam token or account name, and shell input to practice.icoa2026.au audit APIs., User-run env setup can append a PATH block to ~/.bashrc and ~/.zshrc., User-run shell opens a host or Docker interactive shell through child\_process. - **Evidence against:** package.json has no preinstall, install, or postinstall script; prepare only runs husky., Shell, env, exam, and arena features register as icoa subcommands after the user starts the binary., Most API defaults go to practice.icoa2026.au, which matches the ICOA product., javascript-obfuscator is a declared devDependency, and packed files still import local ICOA modules., No writes to foreign AI-agent config paths were found. ## Affected versions and remediation This report applies to icoa-cli@2.19.621. - Review the evidence and your use of icoa-cli@2.19.621 before allowing it. Restrict the permissions described in this report. - Choose an independently verified alternative or release. This report does not establish that other versions are safe. ## Public findings ### 1. Low: Non Install Lifecycle Scripts - **Category:** Manifest - **Confidence:** 80.0% Package declares lifecycle scripts that are not normally run for registry tarball installs. ### 2. Low: Scripts Present - **Category:** Manifest - **Confidence:** 100.0% Package declares npm scripts. ### 3. Medium: Secret Pattern - **Category:** Secrets - **Confidence:** 75.0% - **Path:** dist/commands/gpufortask.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Package contains a possible secret pattern. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript patternName = generic_password severity = medium line = 1 ``` ### 4. High: Child Process - **Category:** Source - **Confidence:** 85.0% - **Path:** dist/repl.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Package source references child process execution. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript L1: import{createInterface as o}from"node:readline";import{spawn as e,execSync as t}from"node:child_process";import chalk from"chalk";import{appendExitLog as n}from"./lib/exit-log.js";... ``` ### 5. High: Shell - **Category:** Source - **Confidence:** 85.0% - **Path:** dist/lib/access.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Package source references shell execution. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript L1: import{createHash as t}from"node:crypto";import{execSync as e}from"node:child_process";import{platform as n}from"node:os";import{getConfig as r,saveConfig as i,getIcoaDir as o,getI... ``` ### 6. Medium: Dynamic Require - **Category:** Source - **Confidence:** 75.0% - **Path:** dist/commands/ctf4ai-demo.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Package source references dynamic require/import behavior. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript L1: (function(b,f){const U=a0f,h=b();while(!![]){try{const j=-parseInt(U(0x199))/(-0x4*0x505+0x1a5+-0x50*-0x3b)+parseInt(U(0x1cb))/(0x5*0x527+0x47*0x47+-0x2d72)+parseInt(U(0x15a))/(-0x... ``` ### 7. Medium: Network - **Category:** Source - **Confidence:** 75.0% Package source references network APIs. ### 8. Medium: Environment Vars - **Category:** Source - **Confidence:** 75.0% Package source references environment variables. ### 9. High: Same File Env Network Execution - **Category:** Source - **Confidence:** 85.0% - **Path:** dist/repl.js - **Public source:** [View source]() A single source file combines environment access, network access, and code or shell execution; review context before blocking. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript L1: import{createInterface as o}from"node:readline";import{spawn as e,execSync as t}from"node:child_process";import chalk from"chalk";import{appendExitLog as n}from"./lib/exit-log.js";... ``` ### 10. Critical: Command Output Exfiltration - **Category:** Source - **Confidence:** 90.0% - **Path:** dist/lib/exam-sandbox.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Source executes local commands and sends command output to an external endpoint. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript L1: import{mkdtempSync as t,mkdirSync as e,existsSync as o,appendFileSync as s,statSync as i}from"node:fs";import{execFileSync as n}from"node:child_process";import{tmpdir as r,homedir ... ``` ### 11. Critical: Reverse Shell - **Category:** Source - **Confidence:** 92.0% - **Path:** dist/lib/tool-man.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Source matches reverse-shell style process and socket wiring. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript L1: import chalk from"chalk";export const TOOL_DOCS=[{name:"file",cat:"Forensics",summary:"identify a file type (always step 1)",ex:[["file mystery","what is this really? (extension li... ``` ### 12. High: Sandbox Evasion Gated Capability - **Category:** Source - **Confidence:** 84.0% - **Path:** dist/commands/aienv.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Source gates dangerous network, credential, or execution behavior behind CI, host, platform, time, or geo fingerprint checks. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript L1: import{execSync as o,spawn as n}from"node:child_process";import{existsSync as e,mkdtempSync as t,readFileSync as r,rmSync as s,writeFileSync as a}from"node:fs";import{homedir as i,... ``` ### 13. High: Obfuscated Payload Loader - **Category:** Source - **Confidence:** 86.0% - **Path:** dist/commands/ctf4ai-demo.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Source contains an obfuscated payload loader that reconstructs and executes hidden code. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript L1: (function(b,f){const U=a0f,h=b();while(!![]){try{const j=-parseInt(U(0x199))/(-0x4*0x505+0x1a5+-0x50*-0x3b)+parseInt(U(0x1cb))/(0x5*0x527+0x47*0x47+-0x2d72)+parseInt(U(0x15a))/(-0x... ``` ### 14. Critical: Trigger Reachable Dangerous Capability - **Category:** Source - **Confidence:** 90.0% - **Path:** dist/lib/exam-sandbox.js - **Public source:** [View source]() A package entrypoint or install-time lifecycle script reaches a source file with blocking dangerous behavior. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript Trigger-reachable chain: scripts.start -> dist/index.js -> dist/commands/aienv.js -> dist/lib/exam-sandbox.js L1: import{mkdtempSync as t,mkdirSync as e,existsSync as o,appendFileSync as s,statSync as i}from"node:fs";import{execFileSync as n}from"node:child_process";import{tmpdir as r,homedir ... ``` ### 15. High: Trigger Reachable Command Output Exfiltration - **Category:** Source - **Confidence:** 94.0% - **Path:** dist/commands/gfssm.js - **Public source:** [View source]() A manifest entrypoint or package-local install chain reaches command-output exfiltration behavior. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript Trigger-reachable command-output exfiltration chain: scripts.start -> dist/index.js -> dist/commands/gfssm.js L1: import{execFile as e}from"node:child_process";import{mkdir as o,writeFile as n}from"node:fs/promises";import{homedir as t}from"node:os";import{join as r}from"node:path";import{crea... ``` ### 16. Low: High Entropy Strings - **Category:** Supply Chain - **Confidence:** 55.0% Package source contains high-entropy string patterns. ### 17. Low: Url Strings - **Category:** Supply Chain - **Confidence:** 65.0% Package source contains URL literals. ### 18. Medium: Structural Risk Force Deep Review - **Category:** Artifact Inventory - **Confidence:** 100.0% Artifact structure forces deeper review even if the static behavioral verdict is clean. ### 19. High: Semantic Analysis Limited - **Category:** Scanner Coverage - **Confidence:** 100.0% - **Path:** dist/commands/battle.js\#virtual:string-array:round1 - **Public source:** [View source]() A bounded semantic-analysis stage reached its safety limit; remaining detectors completed, but this package requires AI review. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```text stage = ast_semantic_analysis; reason = ast_parse_error; limitedFiles = 6 ``` ### 20. High: Known Malware Source Similarity - **Category:** Static - **Confidence:** 97.0% - **Path:** dist/commands/aienv.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Source file is highly similar to a previously finalized malicious package; route for source-aware review. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript matchType = normalized_sha256 matchedPackage = icoa-cli@2.19.614 matchedPath = dist/commands/aienv.js matchedIdentity = npm:aWNvYS1jbGk:2.19.614 similarity = 1.000 summary = normalized source hash matched finalized malicious source ``` ### 21. High: Known Malware Source Similarity - **Category:** Static - **Confidence:** 97.0% - **Path:** dist/commands/env.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Source file is highly similar to a previously finalized malicious package; route for source-aware review. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript matchType = normalized_sha256 matchedPackage = icoa-cli@2.19.614 matchedPath = dist/commands/env.js matchedIdentity = npm:aWNvYS1jbGk:2.19.614 similarity = 1.000 summary = normalized source hash matched finalized malicious source ``` ### 22. High: Known Malware Source Similarity - **Category:** Static - **Confidence:** 97.0% - **Path:** dist/commands/gfssm.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Source file is highly similar to a previously finalized malicious package; route for source-aware review. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript matchType = normalized_sha256 matchedPackage = icoa-cli@2.19.614 matchedPath = dist/commands/gfssm.js matchedIdentity = npm:aWNvYS1jbGk:2.19.614 similarity = 1.000 summary = normalized source hash matched finalized malicious source ``` ### 23. High: Known Malware Source Similarity - **Category:** Static - **Confidence:** 97.0% - **Path:** dist/commands/ioailab.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Source file is highly similar to a previously finalized malicious package; route for source-aware review. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript matchType = normalized_sha256 matchedPackage = icoa-cli@2.19.614 matchedPath = dist/commands/ioailab.js matchedIdentity = npm:aWNvYS1jbGk:2.19.614 similarity = 1.000 summary = normalized source hash matched finalized malicious source ``` ### 24. High: Known Malware Source Similarity - **Category:** Static - **Confidence:** 97.0% - **Path:** dist/repl.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Source file is highly similar to a previously finalized malicious package; route for source-aware review. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript matchType = normalized_sha256 matchedPackage = icoa-cli@2.19.614 matchedPath = dist/repl.js matchedIdentity = npm:aWNvYS1jbGk:2.19.614 similarity = 1.000 summary = normalized source hash matched finalized malicious source ``` ### 25. High: Known Malware Source Similarity - **Category:** Static - **Confidence:** 97.0% - **Path:** dist/commands/doctor.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Source file is highly similar to a previously finalized malicious package; route for source-aware review. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript matchType = normalized_sha256 matchedPackage = icoa-cli@2.19.614 matchedPath = dist/commands/doctor.js matchedIdentity = npm:aWNvYS1jbGk:2.19.614 similarity = 1.000 summary = normalized source hash matched finalized malicious source ``` ### 26. High: Known Malware Source Similarity - **Category:** Static - **Confidence:** 97.0% - **Path:** dist/commands/teleload.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Source file is highly similar to a previously finalized malicious package; route for source-aware review. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript matchType = normalized_sha256 matchedPackage = icoa-cli@2.19.614 matchedPath = dist/commands/teleload.js matchedIdentity = npm:aWNvYS1jbGk:2.19.614 similarity = 1.000 summary = normalized source hash matched finalized malicious source ``` ### 27. High: Known Malware Source Similarity - **Category:** Static - **Confidence:** 97.0% - **Path:** dist/lib/exam-sandbox.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Source file is highly similar to a previously finalized malicious package; route for source-aware review. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript matchType = normalized_sha256 matchedPackage = icoa-cli@2.19.614 matchedPath = dist/lib/exam-sandbox.js matchedIdentity = npm:aWNvYS1jbGk:2.19.614 similarity = 1.000 summary = normalized source hash matched finalized malicious source ``` ### 28. High: Known Malware Source Similarity - **Category:** Static - **Confidence:** 97.0% - **Path:** dist/commands/arena-eai.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Source file is highly similar to a previously finalized malicious package; route for source-aware review. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript matchType = normalized_sha256 matchedPackage = icoa-cli@2.19.614 matchedPath = dist/commands/arena-eai.js matchedIdentity = npm:aWNvYS1jbGk:2.19.614 similarity = 1.000 summary = normalized source hash matched finalized malicious source ``` ### 29. High: Known Malware Source Similarity - **Category:** Static - **Confidence:** 97.0% - **Path:** dist/commands/battle.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Source file is highly similar to a previously finalized malicious package; route for source-aware review. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript matchType = normalized_sha256 matchedPackage = icoa-cli@2.19.614 matchedPath = dist/commands/battle.js matchedIdentity = npm:aWNvYS1jbGk:2.19.614 similarity = 1.000 summary = normalized source hash matched finalized malicious source ``` ### 30. High: Known Malware Source Similarity - **Category:** Static - **Confidence:** 97.0% - **Path:** dist/commands/duck.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Source file is highly similar to a previously finalized malicious package; route for source-aware review. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript matchType = normalized_sha256 matchedPackage = icoa-cli@2.19.614 matchedPath = dist/commands/duck.js matchedIdentity = npm:aWNvYS1jbGk:2.19.614 similarity = 1.000 summary = normalized source hash matched finalized malicious source ``` ### 31. High: Known Malware Source Similarity - **Category:** Static - **Confidence:** 97.0% - **Path:** dist/commands/shell.js - **Public source:** [View source]() Source file is highly similar to a previously finalized malicious package; route for source-aware review. Public source snippet (untrusted): ```javascript matchType = normalized_sha256 matchedPackage = icoa-cli@2.19.614 matchedPath = dist/commands/shell.js matchedIdentity = npm:aWNvYS1jbGk:2.19.614 similarity = 1.000 summary = normalized source hash matched finalized malicious source ``` ## Dependencies and install lifecycle - **Lifecycle scripts present:** Yes - **Published lifecycle scripts:** prepare, prepublishOnly - **Dependencies:** 9 - **Optional dependencies:** 0 - **Peer dependencies:** 0 - **Development dependencies:** 8 - **Published dependency-graph edges:** 9 ### Published dependency entries - @inquirer/prompts ^7.5.0 (Dependency) - chalk ^5.4.1 (Dependency) - cli-table3 ^0.6.5 (Dependency) - commander ^13.1.0 (Dependency) - fastest-levenshtein ^1.0.16 (Dependency) - marked ^15.0.7 (Dependency) - marked-terminal ^7.3.0 (Dependency) - ora ^8.2.0 (Dependency) - string-width ^4.2.3 (Dependency) ## Package metadata - **Package:** icoa-cli - **Ecosystem:** npm - **Version:** 2.19.621 - **License:** BUSL-1.1 - **Version published:** 2026-09-18T17:53:58.297Z - **Package first seen:** 2026-07-01T01:40:34.499Z - **Package last seen:** 2026-10-01T07:29:00.653Z - **Known versions:** 136 - **Latest version:** 2.19.645 - **Appeal under review:** No - **Description:** ICOA CLI — AI-native competition runtime of the International Cyber Olympiad in AI: learn, practise, and compete in AI & cybersecurity from the terminal (AI4CTF · CTF4AI · CTF4EAI) - **Author:** Charlie Zhu - **Maintainers:** icoa - **Keywords:** ctf, cli, cybersecurity, ai-security, embodied-ai, vla, olympiad, icoa, competition, k-12, education, mujoco - **Runtime engines:** node: \>=22.0.0 - **Artifact files:** 160 - **Artifact unpacked size:** 1,321,339 bytes - **Artifact signatures:** 2 - **Attestations:** No ## References - [HTML security report]()